Advancements in Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases

Multidrug-resistant TB

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) results from Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to two key first-line drugs: isoniazid and rifampicin. Primary MDR-TB occurs in previously untreated individuals, while acquired MDR-TB develops during inadequate treatment. Treatment involves second-line drugs for 18-24 months, often with increased toxicity and expense. Cure rates approach 70% under ideal conditions. Diagnosis requires drug susceptibility testing, which may be challenging in resource-limited settings. MDR-TB control relies on comprehensive strategies, including drug susceptibility testing expansion, improved treatment regimens, infection control, and patient support services. Global efforts aim to enhance MDR-TB surveillance, research new drugs, and promote universal access to effective treatment.