Tuberculosis, Lung Health and Respiratory Diseases

Epidemiology of TB Disease

Tuberculosis epidemiology focuses on studying the health and disease patterns within populations to prevent disease spread. Approximately one-third of the global population has been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Developing countries report a significant burden, with millions of active cases and deaths, especially in individuals co-infected with HIV. TB incidence varies with age, affecting adolescents and young adults in Africa, while in the United States, it primarily impacts older individuals and the immunosuppressed.

Tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology delves into understanding disease patterns, transmission dynamics, and risk factors to inform prevention and control strategies. Globally, about one-third of the population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. High-burden regions, particularly in developing countries, face significant challenges, with millions of new TB cases annually. HIV co-infection exacerbates TB incidence and mortality rates. TB affects all age groups but is more prevalent among adolescents and young adults in Africa. Despite declining TB rates in some regions, drug-resistant strains pose a growing threat. Epidemiological studies guide interventions, emphasizing early detection, treatment access, and infection control measures to reduce TB transmission and burden.