Tuberculosis, Lung Health and Respiratory Diseases

TB-HIV Co-infections

TB-HIV co-infection accelerates disease progression and increases mortality risk. Simultaneous treatment of TB and HIV presents challenges, including drug interactions and cumulative toxicities, necessitating careful management.

TB-HIV co-infection accelerates disease progression, increasing the risk of active TB development in HIV-positive individuals. TB worsens HIV outcomes, while HIV weakens TB immunity, leading to more severe and disseminated TB disease. Management challenges include drug interactions, overlapping symptoms, and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Simultaneous treatment of both diseases is essential, often requiring complex drug regimens and close monitoring. Integration of TB and HIV services improves patient outcomes, emphasizing early diagnosis, treatment initiation, and adherence support. Prevention strategies include HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy, TB screening, and infection control measures to reduce transmission in high-burden settings.