Tuberculosis, Lung Health and Respiratory Diseases

TB-HIV Co-infections

TB-HIV co-infection accelerates disease progression and increases mortality risk. Simultaneous treatment of TB and HIV presents challenges, including drug interactions and cumulative toxicities, necessitating careful management.

TB diagnosis involves microbiological tests like sputum analysis and molecular assays for accurate detection. Immunological tests like interferon-gamma release assays aid in latent TB diagnosis. Prevention focuses on vaccination, early case detection, and treatment to interrupt transmission. Treatment consists of multidrug regimens for 6-9 months, adjusted based on drug susceptibility. Directly observed therapy ensures adherence and reduces drug resistance. Research is ongoing for new diagnostics and shorter treatment regimens. Public health measures like contact tracing and infection control are vital. TB eradication requires collaborative efforts across healthcare sectors, emphasizing early diagnosis, treatment access, and comprehensive prevention strategies.