Tuberculosis, Lung Infections, and Respiratory Care

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

COPD, characterized by airway inflammation and lung tissue destruction, poses significant morbidity and mortality risks, particularly in smokers and older adults. Management includes smoking cessation and symptom relief.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by airflow limitation and persistent respiratory symptoms. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, chronic cough, and sputum production. COPD primarily results from long-term exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, and occupational dusts and chemicals. The disease encompasses two main conditions: emphysema, involving damage to the lung tissue, and chronic bronchitis, characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways. COPD is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with treatments aimed at relieving symptoms, improving quality of life, and slowing disease progression through smoking cessation, medications, and pulmonary rehabilitation.