Tuberculosis, Lung Infections, and Respiratory Care

Pulmonary Oncology and Lung Cancer Management

Pulmonary oncology and lung cancer management focus on the early detection, diagnosis, and comprehensive treatment of primary and metastatic malignancies of the lung. Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) being the most common types. Risk factors such as tobacco exposure, environmental pollutants, occupational hazards, and genetic predisposition contribute to disease development. Early recognition through symptom assessment, imaging, and screening programs is crucial, as timely intervention significantly improves survival outcomes.

Diagnosis and staging rely on a combination of imaging techniques, including chest X-ray, computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET-CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), alongside tissue sampling via bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical methods. Treatment strategies are multidisciplinary and depend on the cancer type, stage, and patient factors. Surgical resection, radiotherapy, and systemic therapies—including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy—are employed individually or in combination to achieve optimal outcomes. Advances in precision medicine and molecular profiling have enabled the development of targeted treatments based on specific genetic mutations, improving response rates and reducing toxicity.