Tuberculosis, Lung Infections, and Respiratory Care

Pulmonary Fibrosis and Chronic Lung Diseases

Pulmonary fibrosis and chronic lung diseases are progressive respiratory conditions characterized by structural lung damage, impaired gas exchange, and long-term functional decline. Pulmonary fibrosis involves the excessive deposition of fibrotic tissue within the lung interstitium, leading to stiffness, reduced lung compliance, and respiratory insufficiency. Chronic lung diseases also include conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, and interstitial lung diseases, which often result from a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, infections, and autoimmune processes. These diseases are associated with significant morbidity, reduced quality of life, and increased healthcare burden. Diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis and chronic lung diseases requires a comprehensive approach, combining clinical evaluation, pulmonary function testing, imaging, and sometimes histopathological assessment. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is particularly valuable for identifying patterns of fibrosis, airway remodeling, and interstitial changes. Management strategies focus on slowing disease progression, alleviating symptoms, and improving quality of life. Pharmacologic therapies—such as antifibrotic agents, bronchodilators, and anti-inflammatory medications—are often used alongside pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, and lifestyle modifications. In advanced cases, lung transplantation may be considered.