Tuberculosis, Lung Infections, and Respiratory Care

Pediatric and Neonatal Respiratory Care

Pediatric and neonatal respiratory care focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and management of respiratory disorders in infants and children, who are particularly vulnerable due to their developing lungs and immune systems. Common conditions in this population include neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital lung malformations, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and severe viral infections. Timely recognition and intervention are crucial, as respiratory failure can progress rapidly in neonates and young children, leading to significant morbidity and mortality.

Management strategies in pediatric and neonatal respiratory care are tailored to the child’s age, weight, and disease severity. Supportive care includes oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation, and mechanical ventilation when required, with careful attention to minimizing lung injury. Advanced techniques such as high-frequency ventilation, surfactant therapy, and inhaled nitric oxide are used in specialized cases to improve gas exchange and reduce complications. Preventive measures, including vaccination, maternal immunization, infection control, and early screening for at-risk neonates, are integral to reducing disease incidence.