Tuberculosis, Lung Infections, and Respiratory Care

Advances in Pulmonary Care and Rehabilitation

Advances in pulmonary care and rehabilitation have transformed the management of chronic and acute respiratory diseases, improving survival, functional capacity, and overall quality of life for patients. With the growing global burden of conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and post-infectious lung impairment (including post-COVID-19 sequelae), comprehensive approaches that integrate medical therapy, technology, and patient-centered rehabilitation have become increasingly important.

Modern pulmonary care emphasizes early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and multidisciplinary management. Diagnostic tools such as high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), pulmonary function testing, and advanced molecular and genetic analyses allow clinicians to tailor therapy based on disease type and severity. The use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV), high-flow nasal oxygen therapy, and portable oxygen concentrators has expanded access to respiratory support both in hospitals and at home, enhancing patient comfort and reducing hospital readmissions. Pharmacologic advances—including long-acting bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, antifibrotic agents, and biologic therapies—have significantly improved symptom control and disease progression in many chronic respiratory conditions. Pulmonary rehabilitation has evolved as a cornerstone of long-term respiratory care, focusing not only on physical recovery but also on psychological well-being and lifestyle modification. Comprehensive rehabilitation programs combine exercise training, breathing techniques, education, and nutritional counseling to enhance exercise tolerance and self-management skills. The integration of tele-rehabilitation and digital health platforms has made it possible to deliver continuous support and monitoring, especially for patients in remote areas or those requiring long-term follow-up after acute respiratory illness. In addition, the field is increasingly emphasizing preventive care through smoking cessation programs, vaccination, environmental control, and early screening for occupational lung diseases. A holistic approach that includes mental health support and patient empowerment ensures sustainable outcomes and better quality of life.