Tuberculosis, Lung Infections, and Respiratory Care

About conference

The 6th World Congress on Tuberculosis, Lung Infections, and Respiratory Care is set to take place on May 18, 2026, in Paris, France, uniting global experts, researchers, healthcare practitioners, and policymakers to address the most pressing challenges and emerging trends in respiratory medicine. This prestigious event will serve as a dynamic platform for sharing groundbreaking research, innovative diagnostic tools, and advanced therapeutic approaches for tuberculosis, lung infections, and respiratory disorders. Attendees will have the opportunity to engage in scientific discussions, attend keynote lectures by renowned specialists, and participate in interactive workshops designed to enhance clinical practice and foster interdisciplinary collaboration.. Beyond its scientific sessions, the congress aims to promote global partnerships and collaborative research efforts that strengthen strategies for disease prevention and control. With a focus on improving patient outcomes and advancing public health, the event encourages participants to exchange ideas, explore new technologies, and contribute to shaping the future of respiratory care. Set against the inspiring backdrop of Paris, the congress promises not only a rich academic experience but also an opportunity to network, learn, and drive progress in the fight against respiratory diseases worldwide.

Who Should Attend:

• General practitioners and family physicians
• Internists and medical specialists
• Nurse practitioners and physician assistants
• Researchers and academicians
• Healthcare administrators and policymakers
• Medical students and residents
• Industry professionals and technology developers

Sessions and Tracks

1. Advances in Tuberculosis Diagnosis

Recent years have witnessed significant progress in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), driven by innovations in molecular biology, digital technology, and laboratory science. These advances have improved the speed, accuracy, and accessibility of TB detection, contributing to earlier treatment initiation and better disease control. One major breakthrough is the development of rapid molecular diagnostic tools such as Gene pert MTB/RIF and its successor, Xpert Ultra. These tests can detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA and rifampicin resistance within a few hours, offering a powerful alternative to traditional culture methods that may take weeks. Similarly, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are now being used to identify drug-resistance mutations across multiple TB drugs simultaneously, enabling more precise and individualized treatment regimens.

In addition, novel point-of-care assays and portable molecular platforms have expanded diagnostic capabilities in resource-limited settings. Advances in biomarker research—such as host gene expression signatures, antigen detection, and volatile organic compound analysis—are opening new possibilities for non-sputum-based testing, which is especially valuable for diagnosing TB in children and people living with HIV.Digital radiography combined with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms has also improved the interpretation of chest X-rays, providing automated screening tools that enhance case detection in large populations. Integration of these technologies into health systems, along with digital connectivity for real-time data sharing and surveillance, is transforming TB diagnosis from a slow, laboratory-centered process into a faster, more efficient, and accessible service.

 2. Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Treatment Strategies

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains one of the most serious challenges in global health, threatening progress toward TB elimination. It occurs when Mycobacterium tuberculosis develops resistance to one or more of the key first-line anti-TB drugs, most commonly isoniazid and rifampicin. The most severe forms include multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), which is resistant to additional second-line drugs.

Drug resistance primarily develops due to inadequate or incomplete treatment—such as irregular medication use, incorrect prescriptions, or poor drug quality—which allows the bacteria to survive and adapt. Genetic mutations in M. tuberculosis confer resistance by altering drug targets, reducing drug uptake, or enhancing drug metabolism. The spread of resistant strains through person-to-person transmission further complicates control efforts. Ongoing research focuses on developing shorter, safer, and more effective regimens, exploring host-directed therapies, and enhancing vaccine development to prevent both drug-susceptible and resistant TB. Global collaboration, equitable access to new drugs, and strengthening health systems are critical to overcoming the threat of drug-resistant tuberculosis.

3. Pediatric Tuberculosis: Diagnosis and Management

Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge, particularly in countries with high TB prevalence. Children are at greater risk of developing severe and disseminated forms of the disease due to their immature immune systems, making early diagnosis and appropriate management essential. Diagnosing TB in children is often difficult because symptoms are non-specific and obtaining sputum samples can be challenging. A thorough clinical assessment, including evaluation of exposure to an infectious adult, remains the cornerstone of diagnosis. Chest X-rays can reveal suggestive findings such as hilar lymphadenopathy, while immunological tests like the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) help detect infection, though they cannot distinguish between latent and active disease. Molecular tools such as GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra have significantly improved diagnostic accuracy by rapidly detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance from various specimen types, including gastric aspirates and stool samples.

Management of pediatric TB follows the same principles as adult treatment but is tailored to a child’s weight, age, and disease severity. Drug-susceptible TB is treated with a six-month regimen consisting of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol in the intensive phase, followed by isoniazid and rifampicin in the continuation phase. Child-friendly fixed-dose formulations have improved dosing accuracy and treatment adherence. In cases of drug-resistant TB, newer all-oral regimens that include bedaquiline, linezolid, and levofloxacin are now preferred to minimize toxicity and improve outcomes. Supportive care—including nutritional supplementation, management of coexisting conditions such as HIV, and regular monitoring—is vital to successful recovery. Preventive therapy for children exposed to infectious TB cases, particularly those under five years or immunocompromised, plays a crucial role in reducing disease transmission and progression.

4. Respiratory Infections Beyond TB

Respiratory infections beyond tuberculosis (TB) continue to be among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly affecting young children, the elderly, and individuals with compromised immune systems. These infections encompass a wide range of diseases, including pneumonia, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, COVID-19, and other bacterial or viral respiratory illnesses. The burden is especially high in low- and middle-income countries, where access to timely diagnosis, vaccination, and appropriate treatment remains limited. The diagnosis of respiratory infections requires careful clinical evaluation supported by laboratory and imaging tools. Common symptoms such as cough, fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain can overlap among different pathogens, making specific identification essential for proper management. Diagnostic advancements, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based multiplex panels, antigen detection assays, and rapid point-of-care tests, have improved the ability to identify causative organisms quickly and accurately. Chest imaging—particularly digital radiography and, in severe cases, computed tomography (CT) scans—remains a valuable tool for assessing disease severity and detecting complications. Integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into imaging interpretation is emerging as a supportive technology to enhance diagnostic precision.

Management of respiratory infections focuses on the underlying cause, disease severity, and patient risk factors. Viral infections like influenza and COVID-19 are managed with antiviral drugs, supportive care, and oxygen therapy when necessary, while bacterial infections such as community-acquired pneumonia require timely antibiotic therapy guided by local resistance patterns. Preventive measures play a critical role, including vaccination programs against influenza, pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and COVID-19, which have significantly reduced disease incidence and severity. In hospital and community settings, infection control practices—such as hand hygiene, mask use, and isolation of contagious patients—are vital in limiting transmission

.5. Advances in Pulmonary Care and Rehabilitation

Advances in pulmonary care and rehabilitation have transformed the management of chronic and acute respiratory diseases, improving survival, functional capacity, and overall quality of life for patients. With the growing global burden of conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and post-infectious lung impairment (including post-COVID-19 sequelae), comprehensive approaches that integrate medical therapy, technology, and patient-centered rehabilitation have become increasingly important.

Modern pulmonary care emphasizes early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and multidisciplinary management. Diagnostic tools such as high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), pulmonary function testing, and advanced molecular and genetic analyses allow clinicians to tailor therapy based on disease type and severity. The use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV), high-flow nasal oxygen therapy, and portable oxygen concentrators has expanded access to respiratory support both in hospitals and at home, enhancing patient comfort and reducing hospital readmissions. Pharmacologic advances—including long-acting bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, antifibrotic agents, and biologic therapies—have significantly improved symptom control and disease progression in many chronic respiratory conditions. Pulmonary rehabilitation has evolved as a cornerstone of long-term respiratory care, focusing not only on physical recovery but also on psychological well-being and lifestyle modification. Comprehensive rehabilitation programs combine exercise training, breathing techniques, education, and nutritional counseling to enhance exercise tolerance and self-management skills. The integration of tele-rehabilitation and digital health platforms has made it possible to deliver continuous support and monitoring, especially for patients in remote areas or those requiring long-term follow-up after acute respiratory illness. In addition, the field is increasingly emphasizing preventive care through smoking cessation programs, vaccination, environmental control, and early screening for occupational lung diseases. A holistic approach that includes mental health support and patient empowerment ensures sustainable outcomes and better quality of life.

 6. Immunology of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Infections

The immunology of tuberculosis (TB) and other respiratory infections is fundamental to understanding how the body defends itself against airborne pathogens and how these microbes evade immune control. When *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* is inhaled, it is engulfed by alveolar macrophages, which trigger an innate immune response involving cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). These signals recruit immune cells to form granulomas—structured clusters that aim to contain the infection. While this process helps control bacterial spread, *M. tuberculosis* can survive within macrophages, leading to a latent infection that may later reactivate if immune defenses weaken. The balance between protective and pathological immune responses determines whether the infection remains dormant or progresses to active disease.

In other respiratory infections, including viral and bacterial diseases like influenza, pneumonia, and COVID-19, the immune system responds through both innate and adaptive mechanisms. The airway’s epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells recognize invading pathogens using pattern recognition receptors, initiating inflammation and antiviral defenses. Adaptive immunity follows, with T cells targeting infected cells and B cells producing antibodies that neutralize pathogens and provide long-term protection. However, excessive immune activation can lead to tissue injury and respiratory failure, as seen in cytokine storm syndromes during severe viral infections. Balancing effective pathogen clearance with controlled inflammation is therefore crucial for recovery and lung health.

7. Pulmonary Imaging and Radiology

Pulmonary imaging and radiology play a vital role in the diagnosis, management, and monitoring of respiratory diseases, providing detailed insights into lung anatomy and pathology. Over the years, advancements in imaging technologies have revolutionized the detection and evaluation of both infectious and non-infectious pulmonary conditions such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer. Chest X-rays remain the most widely used initial imaging tool due to their accessibility and cost-effectiveness, allowing clinicians to identify abnormalities such as infiltrates, nodules, or pleural effusions. However, computed tomography (CT) has become the gold standard for detailed lung assessment, offering high-resolution images that reveal subtle structural changes and guide further clinical management.

Recent innovations have significantly enhanced pulmonary imaging capabilities. High-resolution CT (HRCT) enables early detection of interstitial lung diseases and subtle airway abnormalities, while low-dose CT (LDCT) has proven effective for lung cancer screening with minimal radiation exposure. Advanced imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide functional and metabolic information that complements structural imaging, helping differentiate between active infection, inflammation, and malignancy. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning into radiology has improved image interpretation, allowing for automated detection of patterns in diseases like tuberculosis and COVID-19, as well as assisting in large-scale screening programs.Pulmonary imaging also plays an essential role in patient follow-up, treatment evaluation, and interventional procedures.

. 8. Vaccine Development for Tuberculosis and Respiratory Infections

Vaccine development for tuberculosis (TB) and respiratory infections has been a major focus of global health research, aiming to reduce the enormous burden of these diseases worldwide. The Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine, introduced over a century ago, remains the only licensed vaccine for TB. While BCG provides strong protection against severe forms of childhood TB, such as meningitis and miliary disease, its effectiveness against pulmonary TB in adults is highly variable. In response, researchers are developing next-generation TB vaccines designed to enhance immune responses, particularly T-cell-mediated immunity, which plays a crucial role in controlling *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*. Several promising candidates—such as M72/AS01E, MTBVAC, and VPM1002—are currently in advanced clinical trials, showing improved safety and immunogenicity profiles compared to BCG. These innovations represent a critical step toward achieving global TB elimination goals.

For other respiratory infections, recent decades have witnessed remarkable advances in vaccine technology, especially with the advent of mRNA, viral vector, and protein subunit platforms. Vaccines against influenza, pneumococcus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2 have demonstrated how rapid scientific innovation can curb widespread respiratory illness. The development of these vaccines not only prevents severe disease and transmission but also reduces the strain on healthcare systems. Continued research focuses on creating broad-spectrum and mucosal vaccines capable of inducing long-lasting immunity at the respiratory tract—the primary site of infection.

9. Antimicrobial Stewardship in Respiratory Care

Antimicrobial stewardship in respiratory care is a critical strategy to optimize the use of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents in the treatment of respiratory infections, aiming to improve patient outcomes while minimizing the emergence of drug resistance. Respiratory infections—ranging from community-acquired pneumonia and bronchitis to hospital-acquired infections and tuberculosis—often prompt antibiotic use, which, if inappropriate or excessive, can drive antimicrobial resistance, increase healthcare costs, and contribute to adverse drug reactions. Stewardship programs provide structured guidance on the selection, dosing, duration, and route of antimicrobial therapy based on evidence-based guidelines, local resistance patterns, and individual patient factors.

Effective antimicrobial stewardship in respiratory care combines diagnostic precision, clinical judgment, and multidisciplinary collaboration. Rapid diagnostic tools, including molecular assays and point-of-care tests, help distinguish bacterial from viral infections, reducing unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions. Regular review of ongoing treatments, de-escalation strategies, and targeted therapy for drug-resistant pathogens are central to stewardship efforts. Education of healthcare providers and patients, along with monitoring of antimicrobial use and resistance trends, reinforces appropriate prescribing practices.

10. Pulmonary Critical Care and Intensive Management

Pulmonary critical care and intensive management focus on the specialized care of patients with severe respiratory illnesses requiring advanced monitoring and life-support interventions. Conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), severe pneumonia, exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and complicated cases of tuberculosis or viral infections often necessitate admission to intensive care units (ICUs). The primary goals are to stabilize respiratory function, prevent organ failure, and provide comprehensive supportive care while addressing the underlying cause of illness.

Management in pulmonary critical care involves a combination of advanced respiratory support, hemodynamic monitoring, and targeted pharmacologic therapy. Mechanical ventilation—both invasive and non-invasive—is a cornerstone for patients with respiratory failure, while high-flow nasal oxygen and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are employed in severe or refractory cases. Optimization of oxygen delivery, fluid balance, and sedation protocols are critical to improving outcomes and minimizing complications. Additionally, timely identification and treatment of infections, careful management of comorbidities, and use of evidence-based interventions such as corticosteroids or immunomodulators in specific conditions enhance survival. Multidisciplinary collaboration among pulmonologists, intensivists, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other healthcare professionals ensures comprehensive care.

11. Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Post-Infection Recovery

Pulmonary rehabilitation and post-infection recovery are essential components of care for patients recovering from acute or chronic respiratory illnesses, including pneumonia, tuberculosis, COVID-19, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These programs aim to restore lung function, improve exercise capacity, enhance quality of life, and reduce the risk of long-term complications. Pulmonary rehabilitation combines structured exercise training, breathing techniques, education on self-management, and nutritional counseling to strengthen respiratory muscles, improve oxygen utilization, and support overall physical and psychological well-being.

Post-infection recovery emphasizes individualized care tailored to the severity of lung injury and residual functional impairment. Patients may benefit from gradual aerobic and strength training, airway clearance techniques, and monitoring of oxygen saturation during activity. Addressing psychological aspects such as anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress is also crucial, as these are common after severe respiratory illness. Integration of tele-rehabilitation and digital health tools has expanded access to structured rehabilitation programs, allowing continuous monitoring and remote guidance, particularly for patients in resource-limited or geographically distant areas.

12. Pediatric and Neonatal Respiratory Care

Pediatric and neonatal respiratory care focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and management of respiratory disorders in infants and children, who are particularly vulnerable due to their developing lungs and immune systems. Common conditions in this population include neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital lung malformations, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and severe viral infections. Timely recognition and intervention are crucial, as respiratory failure can progress rapidly in neonates and young children, leading to significant morbidity and mortality.

Management strategies in pediatric and neonatal respiratory care are tailored to the child’s age, weight, and disease severity. Supportive care includes oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation, and mechanical ventilation when required, with careful attention to minimizing lung injury. Advanced techniques such as high-frequency ventilation, surfactant therapy, and inhaled nitric oxide are used in specialized cases to improve gas exchange and reduce complications. Preventive measures, including vaccination, maternal immunization, infection control, and early screening for at-risk neonates, are integral to reducing disease incidence.

13. Emerging and Zoonotic Respiratory Infections

Emerging and zoonotic respiratory infections represent a growing global health concern due to their potential for rapid transmission, high morbidity, and occasional pandemic spread. These infections originate from pathogens that jump from animals to humans, including viruses such as influenza A subtypes, coronaviruses like SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, as well as bacterial agents such as Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis. Environmental changes, increased human-animal interaction, global travel, and urbanization have accelerated the emergence and spread of these infections, highlighting the need for vigilant surveillance and rapid response systems.

Diagnosis of emerging and zoonotic respiratory infections often relies on a combination of clinical assessment, molecular testing, serology, and imaging, as early symptoms can be nonspecific and overlap with more common respiratory illnesses. Management strategies focus on supportive care, targeted antiviral or antibacterial therapy when available, and strict infection control measures to limit transmission. Preventive approaches—including vaccination where applicable, public health interventions, wildlife monitoring, and One Health initiatives that integrate human, animal, and environmental health—are critical for mitigating outbreaks.

14. Pulmonary Oncology and Lung Cancer Management

Pulmonary oncology and lung cancer management focus on the early detection, diagnosis, and comprehensive treatment of primary and metastatic malignancies of the lung. Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) being the most common types. Risk factors such as tobacco exposure, environmental pollutants, occupational hazards, and genetic predisposition contribute to disease development. Early recognition through symptom assessment, imaging, and screening programs is crucial, as timely intervention significantly improves survival outcomes.

Diagnosis and staging rely on a combination of imaging techniques, including chest X-ray, computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET-CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), alongside tissue sampling via bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical methods. Treatment strategies are multidisciplinary and depend on the cancer type, stage, and patient factors. Surgical resection, radiotherapy, and systemic therapies—including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy—are employed individually or in combination to achieve optimal outcomes. Advances in precision medicine and molecular profiling have enabled the development of targeted treatments based on specific genetic mutations, improving response rates and reducing toxicity.

15. Environmental and Occupational Lung Diseases

Environmental and occupational lung diseases encompass a broad spectrum of respiratory conditions caused or exacerbated by exposure to harmful substances in the workplace or the environment. Common agents include dust, fumes, chemicals, gases, asbestos, silica, and biomass smoke, which can lead to diseases such as pneumoconiosis, occupational asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. The burden of these conditions is significant, particularly in industrialized settings and regions with poor air quality or limited occupational safety regulations. Early recognition and intervention are crucial to prevent irreversible lung damage and reduce long-term morbidity.

Diagnosis relies on a combination of detailed exposure history, clinical evaluation, pulmonary function testing, and imaging studies. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and chest X-rays can detect characteristic patterns of lung injury, while bronchoscopy and biopsy may be required for definitive diagnosis. Management primarily focuses on minimizing or eliminating exposure to causative agents, providing pharmacologic therapy for symptom relief, and implementing pulmonary rehabilitation to improve lung function and quality of life. Preventive strategies, including workplace safety measures, environmental regulations, use of personal protective equipment, and public health policies, play a pivotal role in reducing the incidence of these diseases.

 16. Pulmonary Fibrosis and Chronic Lung Diseases

Pulmonary fibrosis and chronic lung diseases are progressive respiratory conditions characterized by structural lung damage, impaired gas exchange, and long-term functional decline. Pulmonary fibrosis involves the excessive deposition of fibrotic tissue within the lung interstitium, leading to stiffness, reduced lung compliance, and respiratory insufficiency. Chronic lung diseases also include conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, and interstitial lung diseases, which often result from a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, infections, and autoimmune processes. These diseases are associated with significant morbidity, reduced quality of life, and increased healthcare burden. Diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis and chronic lung diseases requires a comprehensive approach, combining clinical evaluation, pulmonary function testing, imaging, and sometimes histopathological assessment. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is particularly valuable for identifying patterns of fibrosis, airway remodeling, and interstitial changes. Management strategies focus on slowing disease progression, alleviating symptoms, and improving quality of life. Pharmacologic therapies—such as antifibrotic agents, bronchodilators, and anti-inflammatory medications—are often used alongside pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, and lifestyle modifications. In advanced cases, lung transplantation may be considered.

17. Telemedicine and Digital Health in Respiratory Care

Telemedicine and digital health are transforming respiratory care by enabling remote monitoring, timely diagnosis, and personalized management of respiratory conditions. These technologies have become increasingly important for patients with chronic diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung diseases, and post-infection recovery, as well as for acute respiratory illnesses like pneumonia and COVID-19. Through virtual consultations, mobile applications, and wearable devices, clinicians can track symptoms, assess lung function, and adjust treatment plans without the need for frequent in-person visits, improving access to care, especially for patients in remote or underserved areas.

Digital health tools also facilitate continuous monitoring of physiological parameters such as oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and peak expiratory flow, enabling early detection of disease exacerbations and timely interventions. Tele-rehabilitation platforms allow patients to engage in structured pulmonary rehabilitation programs from home, guided by remote supervision and feedback. Additionally, electronic health records, artificial intelligence (AI), and predictive analytics support clinical decision-making, optimize resource allocation, and enhance disease surveillance.

18. Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions in Respiratory Health

Nutrition and lifestyle interventions play a vital role in maintaining respiratory health, preventing disease progression, and enhancing recovery in individuals with chronic or acute lung conditions. A balanced diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids supports immune function, reduces inflammation, and improves overall lung function. Malnutrition or deficiencies, on the other hand, can impair respiratory muscle strength, compromise immunity, and worsen outcomes in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pulmonary infections. Proper hydration, avoidance of excessive alcohol, and limitation of processed foods further contribute to optimal lung health.

Lifestyle factors, including  regular  physical activity, smoking cessation, and environmental risk reduction, are equally crucial for respiratory well-being. Exercise programs, particularly pulmonary rehabilitation, enhance cardiovascular fitness, strengthen respiratory muscles, and improve exercise tolerance in patients with chronic lung diseases. Smoking cessation remains the single most effective intervention to prevent and slow the progression of many respiratory conditions. Additionally, reducing exposure to air pollution, occupational irritants, and indoor allergens can minimize inflammation and decrease the risk of respiratory exacerbations. Integrating nutrition and lifestyle modifications with medical management empowers patients to achieve better functional outcomes, improve quality of life, and maintain long-term respiratory health.

19. Global Health and Policy Approaches to TB and Respiratory Care

Global health and policy approaches are critical in addressing the burden of tuberculosis (TB) and other respiratory diseases, which remain leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Effective strategies focus on strengthening healthcare systems, improving access to diagnostics and treatment, and implementing evidence-based public health interventions. International initiatives, such as the World Health Organization’s End TB Strategy, emphasize early detection, standardized treatment regimens, contact tracing, vaccination programs, and surveillance to reduce TB incidence and mortality. Similarly, policies targeting respiratory infections—including influenza, COVID-19, and pneumonia—prioritize vaccination, antimicrobial stewardship, and outbreak preparedness to minimize transmission and improve patient outcomes.

Policy measures also address social determinants of health, recognizing that poverty, malnutrition, overcrowding, and limited access to healthcare significantly influence the spread and severity of respiratory diseases. Global collaborations promote resource-sharing, capacity-building, and research to develop new diagnostics, vaccines, and treatments. Integrating health education, community engagement, and preventive programs helps raise awareness, reduce stigma, and encourage early healthcare seeking. By aligning clinical, public health, and policy efforts, these approaches aim to reduce the global burden of TB and respiratory illnesses, promote equitable access to care, and strengthen resilience against future respiratory health challenges.

20. Innovative Drug Delivery Systems for Respiratory Therapy

Innovative drug delivery systems are transforming respiratory therapy by improving the precision, efficiency, and patient adherence of treatments for various lung diseases. Traditional systemic administration of medications often results in suboptimal drug concentrations in the lungs and increased systemic side effects. Advanced delivery systems, including inhalers, nebulizers, dry powder inhalers, and soft mist inhalers, enable targeted delivery of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and antiviral agents directly to the respiratory tract, maximizing therapeutic effect while minimizing systemic exposure. These technologies are particularly valuable for managing chronic conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis, as well as acute infections and post-exposure prophylaxis.

Recent developments in nanotechnology, liposomal formulations, and aerosolized biologics are further enhancing drug delivery to the lungs. Nanoparticles and microparticles allow controlled release, improved penetration into deep lung tissues, and targeted delivery to specific cell types, which is especially important for therapies against drug-resistant tuberculosis and other difficult-to-treat infections. Smart inhalation devices integrated with digital sensors can monitor adherence, optimize dosing, and provide real-time feedback to healthcare providers.

21. Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Lung Diseases

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and vascular lung diseases are serious conditions characterized by elevated blood pressure within the pulmonary arteries, leading to right heart strain, progressive dyspnea, and reduced exercise tolerance. These disorders may arise idiopathically, genetically, or secondary to underlying diseases such as left heart disease, chronic lung diseases, chronic thromboembolic events, or connective tissue disorders. Pulmonary vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and impaired vasodilation contribute to disease progression, making early recognition and intervention crucial to improving outcomes.

Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical assessment, echocardiography, right heart catheterization, pulmonary function tests, and imaging studies such as CT pulmonary angiography or ventilation-perfusion scans. Management strategies include targeted pharmacologic therapies, such as endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, prostacyclin analogs, and soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators, which aim to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance and improve cardiac output. Supportive measures, including oxygen therapy, diuretics, anticoagulation, and lifestyle modifications, complement medical therapy. In select cases, surgical interventions such as pulmonary thromboendarterectomy or lung transplantation may be indicated.

22. Respiratory Microbiome and Host Interactions

The study of respiratory microbiome and host interactions explores the complex relationships between microbial communities inhabiting the respiratory tract and the human host. These interactions play a crucial role in maintaining respiratory health, influencing immune responses, and contributing to the pathogenesis or protection against diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and respiratory infections. Advances in multi-omics technologies have revealed that shifts in microbial composition and function can alter inflammation, immune regulation, and epithelial integrity. Understanding these dynamic interactions provides critical insights into disease mechanisms and opens new avenues for diagnostics, prevention, and therapeutic interventions targeting the respiratory microbiome.

23. Infection Control and Hospital-Acquired Respiratory Diseases

Infection control and the prevention of hospital-acquired respiratory diseases are vital components of healthcare safety and quality. Hospital-acquired respiratory infections—such as ventilator-associated pneumonia, influenza, and COVID-19—pose significant risks to patients, particularly those who are critically ill or immunocompromised. Effective infection control strategies include strict adherence to hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, sterilization of medical devices, environmental cleaning, and antimicrobial stewardship. Additionally, surveillance programs and staff education are essential for early detection and prevention of outbreaks. Strengthening these measures not only reduces morbidity and mortality but also limits the spread of resistant pathogens within healthcare settings.

24. Pulmonary Emergencies and Acute Care Management

Pulmonary emergencies and acute care management focus on the rapid recognition and treatment of life-threatening respiratory conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary embolism, severe asthma, pneumonia, and respiratory failure. Effective management requires prompt assessment of airway, breathing, and circulation, alongside the use of advanced diagnostic tools and interventions such as oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, bronchodilators, and thrombolytics. Multidisciplinary coordination between emergency, critical care, and respiratory teams is essential to stabilize patients and prevent complications. Early intervention, evidence-based protocols, and continuous monitoring are key to improving outcomes and reducing mortality in acute pulmonary conditions.

25. Future Directions in Respiratory Medicine

The future of respiratory medicine is rapidly evolving, driven by breakthroughs in technology, precision medicine, and a deeper understanding of the molecular and environmental factors that influence lung health. With respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer remaining among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, there is an urgent need to redefine diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies. The coming decades promise to transform respiratory care into a more predictive, personalized, and preventive discipline through innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration.

One of the most significant advancements shaping the future of respiratory medicine is the integration of precision and personalized medicine. Traditional approaches often rely on broad classifications of disease, but emerging research emphasizes the importance of molecular phenotyping and endotyping—identifying disease subtypes based on genetic, immunologic, and environmental characteristics. This allows clinicians to tailor treatments to individual patients, improving efficacy and reducing side effects. For example, targeted biologic therapies for specific asthma phenotypes and gene therapy for cystic fibrosis have already demonstrated the success of precision approaches. As genomic and transcriptomic technologies become more accessible, personalized treatment plans based on a patient’s molecular profile will become standard practice.

Market Analysis

The forth coming 6th World Congress on Tuberculosis, Lung Infections, and Respiratory Care in Paris is well positioned in a health tech and global health market showing steady and sustained growth. The diagnostics segment for tuberculosis alone is projected to expand from around USD 2.2 billion in 2023 to over USD 3.2 billion by 2030, driven by technological advances such as rapid molecular testing and the pressing need to detect latent and drug resistant TB. Meanwhile, the broader respiratory care device market is also growing robustly, with forecasts showing the global market rising from about USD 23.5 billion in 2024 to over USD 43.5 billion by 2033. These trends reflect the rising global burden of respiratory disease, including infections and chronic lung conditions, and the growing demand for advanced diagnostics, therapeutics and care delivery technologies.

At the same time, this expanding market brings distinct opportunities for the Congress’s stakeholders — including device manufacturers, diagnostic developers, public health agencies, clinicians and researchers. For example, sessions at the Congress can tap into the intersection of diagnostics, therapeutics, digital health and global implementation by focusing on how innovations can translate into access in high burden regions. From a commercial perspective, exhibitors, sponsors and industry partners will find the meeting an attractive platform to showcase new solutions, forge partnerships and explore markets in both developed economies and resource limited settings. From a public health vantage, the Congress arrives at a moment when policy makers, funders and global networks are seeking to drive down the burden of TB and lung infections—so this event can serve as a crucial catalyst for collaboration across sectors and regions.

with a market that is sizeable and growing, but success (in terms of partnerships, outcomes and impact) will depend on linking science to implementation, framing sessions around not only innovation but also access/cost/scale, and engaging stakeholders (industry, policy makers, global Overall, for the 6th World Congress in Paris, this means the thematic focus is well aligned health funders) who can convert the conference’s knowledge exchange into tangible change.

Why to attend

Attending the 6th World Congress on Tuberculosis, Lung Infections, and Respiratory Care (May 18, 2026, Paris, France) presents a valuable opportunity for anyone engaged in respiratory health, infectious diseases, or public?health policy. This congress convenes leading scientists, clinicians, industry professionals and policy makers to explore the latest advances in diagnosis, treatment and care for tuberculosis, lung infections and broader respiratory conditions. With a focus on emerging research, global challenges like drug resistant TB, innovative diagnostic tools and bestpractice models of respiratory care, the event enables you to keep pace with rapidly evolving developments, share your own work, engage with international experts and develop strategic collaborations. It also allows you to gain insights into regional and global patterns of lung disease, benchmark your own practices, and gain a fresh perspective from a major European hub of medicine.

Benefits of Joining Conference:

• Stay current with cutting edge research and technologies in TB and lung infections (for example molecular diagnostics, treatment regimens, care pathways) — critical for improving outcomes and practice).
• Expand your professional network: connecting with global experts, peers and potential collaborators from academia, clinical practice, industry and policy domains.
• Opportunity to present your research, receive feedback, enhance visibility and potentially access publication opportunities (notably for young investigators there is a “Young Scientist” forum and award track).  
• Access to practical take aways you can apply in your own setting—whether improved diagnostic protocols, treatment strategies, or system level approaches to respiratory care and TB control.
• Career and academic advancement: engaging in an international event enhances your credentials, can stimulate new ideas and open doors to new projects, funding or partnerships.
• Gain a global outlook: understanding how different countries and regions address respiratory disease and TB helps broaden your horizon, informs local adaptation of solutions and fosters a ‘big picture’ mindset in lung health.

Past Conference Report

The 5th World Congress on Advancements in Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases was successfully held on August 07–08, 2023, in Singapore City, Singapore, bringing together a global community of experts, researchers, clinicians, and public health professionals dedicated to combating tuberculosis (TB) and improving lung health. The conference provided a vibrant platform for the exchange of ideas, the presentation of cutting-edge research, and discussions on innovative strategies to address the ongoing challenges in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of TB and other respiratory diseases.

The scientific sessions covered a wide range of topics, including drug-resistant tuberculosis, novel diagnostic tools, advances in pulmonary medicine, emerging respiratory infections, and the role of vaccination and immunotherapy. Distinguished keynote speakers and panelists shared insights on global TB control programs, digital health innovations, and the impact of environmental and social factors on lung health. Interactive workshops and poster presentations encouraged active participation and fostered collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and policymakers.

The congress emphasized the importance of multisectoral collaboration and sustainable public health strategies to achieve the WHO End TB targets. Participants highlighted the need for continued investment in research, early diagnosis, and patient-centered care. The event concluded with renewed commitment from the global health community to strengthen partnerships, accelerate innovation, and work collectively toward eliminating tuberculosis and iproving respiratory health worldwide.